| In Principle

Whether a foreign bidder in a Polish tender must submit certificates issued by the public authorities abroad, or merely submit a declaration, depends on the scope of certificates that are issued in the other country.

We continue our series of articles on the act transposing the Payment Services Directive into Polish law with a few comments on the implementing legislation.

If business operations are not generating the expected profits, instead of closing down the business it is possible to suspend operations for a certain period. How should one go about this in a legal and effective manner?

The Polish corporate code says the articles of association of a limited-liability company in organisation may be amended by a shareholder resolution, but the Supreme Court says a shareholder agreement is required.

Criminal liability for unlawful acts detrimental to the environment may be imposed not only on a company, but also on its managers.

Can the buyer of registered shares fully exercise all share rights immediately upon acquisition of the shares?

Toy companies must now control product quality, register suppliers and purchasers of certain products, and warn consumers against improper use of products.

At a general meeting of a listed company, shareholders have a right to ask questions about the company’s affairs, but management is not required—or even allowed—to answer some of them.

From 2012, foreign investors wishing to invest directly in financial instruments in Poland should no longer need to open a securities account at a Polish brokerage or trust company.

There is a chance for uniform rules for payments across the European market. In a series of articles, we will review issues related to the new regulations that will impact nearly everyone involved in trade.

Under trademark law, the service of selling products is considered inseparable from the products themselves.

The citizens’ advocate in Poland has again raised the issue of the legal effects of improper service of judicial documents.